UNDERSTANDING CATARACT

Cataracts are one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide, especially among older adults. A cataract occurs when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred or dim vision. While cataracts are commonly associated with aging, they can also develop due to other factors.

What Causes Cataracts?

The most common cause of cataracts is aging. Over time, proteins in the lens break down and clump together, creating cloudy areas. However, several risk factors can accelerate cataract development, including:

• Eye injuries or previous surgeries

• Genetic predisposition

• Diabetes

• Excessive UV exposure

• Smoking

• Prolonged use of corticosteroids

  
  

Understanding these causes can help in cataract prevention and maintaining overall eye health.

Common Symptoms of Cataracts

Cataracts often develop slowly, so symptoms may not be noticeable at first. As the cataract progresses, you may experience:

• Blurred or cloudy vision

• Difficulty seeing at night

• Sensitivity to light and glare

• Seeing "halos" around lights

• Fading or yellowing of colors

• Frequent changes in prescription glasses

If you experience any of these cataract symptoms, it’s important to consult an eye specialist for a comprehensive eye exam.

SYMPTOMS OF CATARACT

Diagnosis and Treatment

A cataract is diagnosed through a detailed eye examination, including a visual acuity test, slit-lamp examination, and retinal exam. If the cataract is mild, new prescription glasses, brighter lighting, or anti-glare sunglasses may help improve vision temporarily.

However, the only effective long-term solution for a cataract is cataract surgery. During this safe and commonly performed procedure, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with a clear intraocular lens (IOL).

CATARACT SURGERY

Types of Cataract Surgery

1. Phacoemulsification – The most common method, using ultrasound waves to break the lens before removal.

2. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) – An advanced, bladeless technique for increased precision.

Cataract surgery is typically performed on an outpatient basis and has a high success rate in restoring clear vision.

Preventing Cataracts

While not all cataracts can be prevented, you can reduce your risk by:

• Wearing sunglasses with UV protection

• Eating a diet rich in antioxidants

• Managing underlying health conditions like diabetes

• Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol use

• Having regular eye check-ups

  
  

Conclusion

Cataracts are a common but treatable eye condition. Early detection through routine eye exams and timely cataract surgery can help preserve and even restore your vision. If you or a loved one are experiencing vision changes, don’t wait—consult an eye care professional today.